[2] Plants with photosynthetic roots, such as epiphytic orchids like Dendrophylax lindenii also possess these structures.
[4] Fungal infections of plants may begin through penetration of the roots through pneumatodes.
[5] Pneumatodes are considered as a special type of cyclocytic stomata.
The pneumatodes may function as double structures for gas exchange and liquid water elimination (guttation).
[6] Leafless orchids with photosynthetic roots rely on the gas exchange through pneumatodes for photosynthesis.