Podolia Governorate[a] was an administrative-territorial unit (guberniya) of the Southwestern Krai of the Russian Empire.

The governorate covered areas of Ukraine's partially Khmelnytskyi and most of Vinnytsia Oblasts, along with the fractionally recognised state of Transnistria.

It was created from the Second Partition of Poland, which was formed from the former Polish Bracław and Podole voivodeships, which are part of the Southwestern Krai along with Volhynia and Kiev.

The Podolia Governorate occupied the southwestern frontier of the former Russian empire, bordering Austria-Hungary, and had an area of about 42,000 km2.

Some territory of Tulchyn okruha were included into the newly formed Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic.