Prior to the collapse of the Soviet Union, diplomatic relations between Poland and Saudi Arabia were limited and mostly indirect, due to Saudi Arabia's alignment with the United States during the Cold War, and Poland's communist government under the Eastern Bloc.

In 2005 and 2006, both nations held Polish-Saudi Investment Forums,[2] during which Polish business delegations visited major Saudi cities like Riyadh and Jubail.

Poland has a small but indigenous Muslim population, the Lipka Tatars, which are often granted pilgrims by the Saudi Government when they travel to Mecca and Medina for the Hajj.

[4] Poland's transition to democracy and the subsequent resstablishment of Polish-Saudi relations saw economic and energy cooperation between the two nations in the 2000s.

By taking a stake in the Gdańsk refinery, the world’s largest company, the state-owned petrochemical giant Saudi Aramco, also entered Poland, opening a new chapter in the Polish-Saudi relations.