Poland Township is one of sixteen townships in Buena Vista County, Iowa, United States.

As of the 2000 census, its population was 529.

Poland Township covers an area of 36.79 square miles (95.3 km2) and contains one incorporated settlement, Marathon.

According to the USGS, it contains two cemeteries: Garton Graveyard and Poland.

This article about the geography of Buena Vista County, Iowa is a stub.