Police forces of the states and union territories of India
Police and Public Order are State subjects under the Seventh Schedule to the Constitution of India.
Although state police forces are separate and may differ in quality of equipment and resources, their patterns of organization and operation are similar.
The district magistrate (DM, an IAS officer) exercises these powers, which include promulgating Section 144 of the Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC) and issuing arms licenses.
Authority over a Union Territory Police Force is held by the Ministry of Home Affairs (India), led by the Home Minister (India) and secondarily by the Administrator/Lieutenant Governor (generally an Indian Administrative Service/Indian Police Service officer) of their respective Union Territory.
[clarification needed] Allegations of bribery, attributable to low pay and poor working conditions, have been widespread.
Female officers were first used in 1972, and a number of women hold key positions in state police organizations.
Several women-only police stations have been established in Tamil Nadu to handle sex crimes against women.
The central government civil servants of Group 'C' and Group 'D' of Union Territory Police cadre are recruited by combined graduate level examination and common entrance test conducted by Staff Selection Commission and National Recruitment Agency.
Uniforms of state and local police vary by grade, region, and type of duty.
[3] Services such as the Central Bureau of Investigation do not wear a uniform instead business dress (shirt, tie, blazer, etc.)
[citation needed] Some major metropolitan cities use the police commissionerate system (like Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, Kolkata, Bangalore, Hyderabad, Ahmedabad, Lucknow etc.
Demand for this system is increasing as it gives police a free hand to act freely and take control of any situation.
Even in British Raj, the presidency towns of Calcutta, Bombay and Madras had commissionerate system.
Commissioners of police and their deputies are empowered as executive magistrates to enforce Section 144 of the CrPC and issue arms licenses.
Armed constabulary are not usually in contact with the public unless they are assigned to VIP duty or maintaining order during fairs, festivals, athletic events, elections, and natural disasters.
They may be sent to quell outbreaks of student or labour unrest, organized crime, and communal riots; to maintain key guard posts, and to participate in anti-terrorism operations.
Funded jointly by the Central and State governments, India Reserve Battalion provides additional manpower and resources to state police forces, improving their ability to handle law and order situations and internal security threats and reducing their reliance on Central Armed Police Forces (CAPFs).
The IRB is an integral part of the respective State Armed Police Forces (SAP).
[8] State and UT Armed Police Forces are also assigned with the VIP Security along with CAPFs.
These are specialized Police units created for some specific purposes such as counter-insurgency, counter-naxalites Operations, etc.
RPF maintains liaison with GRP for the Law & Order and Crime related matters.
CID is further split into Crime Branch (CB-CID), Anti Narcotics and many further divisions concerned with matters pertaining to crime, investigation, prosecution and collection of criminal intelligence,depending upon the state's Police administration .
