Puławy Legion was a Polish military formation of World War I, as part of the Imperial Russian Army.

The formation finished organizing in January 1915; at that time it numbered about 1,000 soldiers, and constituted a battalion of the Russian Army.

[1] The Polish Rifle Brigade was formed as part of the Imperial Russian Army in October 1915 on the basis of the previous Legion formation.

In the chaotic period at the end of the First World War on the Eastern Front, the Polish I Corps fought against the Bolshevik Red Army, cooperated with the German Ober Ost forces[2] in taking Minsk, and after acknowledging the Regency Council in May 1918, it surrendered to the German forces in Babruysk.

The II Corps was formed on 21 December 1917 in Soroca (now in Moldavia), then a Bessarabian region disputed by revolutionary Ukraine and Romania.

[1] After the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was signed between Russia and the Central Powers, the Germans demanded that the Polish forces surrender.

The 4th Division, under the command of General Lucjan Żeligowski, it operated as an ally of the White movement from autumn 1918 to August 1919 in southern Russia (near Odessa) and eventually ending in Bessarabia, before being repatriated to Poland.

[1] That unit was partially forced to capitulate by late 1920, although most soldiers returned to Poland in the aftermath of the Treaty of Riga.

[1] In addition to those two divisions, there was also the Murmansk Group which was engaged in the fighting in Archangel as part of general Edmund Ironside's allied force.