Another wave of Polish immigration arrived in Bukovina in the early 19th century, when the region was a crownland of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, as was a significant portion of present-day southern Poland (see: Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria).

[citation needed] There were probably other waves of migration from Poland after the November and Kraków Uprisings, but most Poles were from peasant families relocated there by the Empire's authorities after they participated in the Jakub Szela insurrection.

[citation needed] During World War I, Lucjan Skupiewski, Polish physician born in Warsaw, was the organizer and manager of all hospitals for the wounded in the Bucharest area.

[5] The largest urban concentrations of Poles in Romania were Cernăuți (with 8,986 people), Bucharest (1,650), Chișinău (1,436), Sadagura (1,333), Storojineț (1,017) and Bălți (981), according to the 1930 Romanian census.

During World War II, a portion of northern and eastern Romania was annexed by the Soviet Union, including the Cernăuți, Storojineț and Bălți counties, which were home to sizeable Polish populations of 15,243, 7,985 and 3,165 people, respectively, according to the 1930 Romanian census.