Polish volunteers in the Spanish Civil War

[1] The majority (3,800) were miners working in France, 300 were Polish-Americans, and several hundred were Poles living in various European countries.

Such symbols included the Italian leader, Giuseppe Garibaldi, the French anthem, La Marseillaise, and contemporary political figures, such as Ernst Thaelmann.

General Dąbrowski was involved in the January Uprising, in a plot against Tsar Alexander II and imprisoned.

As the war progressed, and the casualty rates increased, this policy eased and reinforcements of Spanish conscripts were sent wherever they were required.

The first Poles to arrive were miners from the Polish mining communities in Northern France and Southern Belgium.

It was formed from Poles, and Soviet citizens, with a nucleus of Spanish volunteers from the La Pasionaria Battalion.

[4] A reformed Dabrowski Brigade, led by Henryk Torunczyk was formed in January 1939 from stragglers and veterans who remained in Spain after demobilsation.

Survivors crossed the Pyrenees with the remnants of the Republican general staff after the fall of Barcelona [citation needed].

The ribbon is red with a central white band, reflecting the Spanish Military Order of Merit.