Political bias
With a distinct association with media bias, it commonly refers to how a reporter, news organisation, or TV show covers a political candidate or a policy issue.
[1] Concision bias aims to increase communication by selectively focusing on important information and eliminating redundancy.
[5] Political opinions are often reduced to a simple party understanding or belief system, with other challenging information excluded in its presentation.
[5] In a political atmosphere, this applies to the presentation of policies and the issues they address, along with the actual coverage by media and politicians.
[8] False consensus bias: Exists when the normalisation of an individual's opinions, beliefs and values are believed to be common.
[10] This bias allows parties to make their policies more appealing and appear to address issues more directly, by speculating positive and negative outcomes.
[10] This is similarly related to agenda bias, primarily when focusing on politicians and how they choose to cover and present preferred policy discussions and issues.
[17] It is important to understand framing is an omnipresent process used in analysis to discern connections between aspects of reality and to convey an interpretation of opinions that may not be entirely accurate.
[18] Looking specifically at America, the Fairness Doctrine was introduced in 1949 to avoid political bias in all licensed broadcasting media.
[19] Within the context of polarising topics such as political bias, the top search results can play a significant role in shaping opinions.
[22] Whilst research has shown users do not place exclusive trust on information provided by search engines,[22] studies have shown that individuals who are undecided politically are susceptible to manipulation by bias relative to political candidates and the light in which their policies and actions are presented and conveyed.
[23] Media bias can change political opinions, which directly impact voter behaviour and decisions, because of the failed representation of information.
[20]An example of quantification of political bias in the media is a propaganda model, a concept introduced by Edward S. Herman and Noam Chomsky.
[25] This model further looked at the capital funding of media outlets and their ownership, which often relates to political ties.
[26] Kuypers determined politicians would receive positive press coverage only when covering and delivering topics that aligned with press-supported beliefs.
[28] This engages false consensus bias, as beliefs are determined to be common due to being surrounded by aligned views.
