Polyakov or Poliakov, (Russian: Поляко́в, Ukrainian: Поляко́в, Hebrew: פוליאקוב, Belarusian: Палякоў, Paliakoŭ), or Polyakova, Paliakova (feminine; Поляко́ва) is a Slavic surname.
It may be transliterated as Poliakoff.
Notable people with the surname include: