Polyakova appeared in international competition at the 2012 Irina Deleanu Cup with teammate Aleksandra Soldatova.

She won the all-around silver medal at the Junior Grand Prix in Brno with a total of 63.049 behind Olesya Petrova.

At the 2014 European Junior Championships, Polyakova together with teammates (Irina Annenkova, Yulia Bravikova and Olesya Petrova) won Russia the Team gold.

[3] She competed at the 2014 Junior World Cup in Sofia where she won the all-around silver behind Irina Annenkova.

In 2015 season, Polyakova debuted as a senior competing at the 2015 Moscow Grand Prix finishing 6th in the all-around finals.

On March 21–22, Polyakova competed at the 2015 Thiais Grand Prix finishing 9th in the all-around, she qualified to 3 event finals.