[3] Difunctional versions tend to give flexibility and thus toughness to epoxy resin systems.
[4][5][6] Studies have been done on the cured properties of epoxy systems using different functionality polyetheramines.
[7] As epoxy curatives, they may then be further formulated into CASE applications: coatings, adhesives, sealants, and elastomers.
A key component of a Mannich base apart from formaldehyde and a phenolic species, is an amine.
[8] Sludge and other deposits build up in internal combustion engines especially gasoline powered versions.