[citation needed] As of the 2010 census, there were 6,153 people, 2,285 households, and 1,528 families residing in the county.

The racial makeup of the county was 82.7% white, 14.5% American Indian, 0.2% Asian, 0.1% black or African American, 0.2% from other races, and 2.4% from two or more races.

In terms of ancestry, 31.9% were German, 14.7% were Norwegian, 13.2% were Irish, 9.3% were English, 5.7% were Dutch, and 5.6% were American.

From its creation until 1964, voters of Pondera County were fairly balanced; they selected Democratic Party candidates in 58% of national elections.

Since 1964, the Republican presidential candidate has garnered the county's vote in every election.