Pontianak

During the colonial era, Pontianak was the seat of the Residentie Westerafdeeling van Borneo, one of the residencies of the Dutch East Indies.

After the Japanese surrendered, Pontianak became part of the Republic of Indonesia and was designated as the capital city of the province of West Kalimantan.

The city was formerly the capital of the independent Sultanate of Pontianak and was founded on 23 October 1771 around an old trading station on the western coast of Borneo.

The mosque and palace became the first buildings in the city, and to this day locals fire bamboo cannons on Ramadan and other holidays in memory of this.

[citation needed] In Malay mythology, the Pontianak is also the name of an astral creature that is said be a spirit of a woman who died while pregnant.

Similar stories about the Pontianak first emerged from mythical and folkloric tales that are popular in Kalimantan (Borneo) before the city was built on a large scale of natural habitat.

Verth in his book Borneos Afdeling Wester, whose content is slightly different from the version of the stories circulating in the community today.

Verth wrote that Syarif Abdurrahman, son of Sharif Hussein bin Ahmed cleric Alqadrie (or in another version called Al Habib Husin), left the Kingdom of Mempawah and began to wander.

He was successful in commerce and accumulated enough capital to arm ships and boats and then started to take the fight against Dutch colonialism.

Luo implemented many democratic principles, including the idea that all matters of state must involve the consultation of the republic's citizenry.

Lanfang's administrative divisions included three tiers (province, prefecture, and county) with the people electing leaders for all levels.

In the mid-to-late 19th century, the Chinese Qing Empire weakened substantially and became increasingly unable to support the Lanfang Republic as its vassal state.

The three campaigns waged by the Dutch East Indies Army against the Chinese kongsi, called the Kongsi Wars, were: Due to being outnumbered and also with the lack of effective weaponry by the more superior and equipped Royal Netherlands East Indies Army, Lanfang finally surrendered to the Dutch in 1884 and was dissolved.

After the surrender of Japan, a Dutch military court in Pontianak on 18 October 1947 convicted the Japanese Admiral Michiaki Kamada of war crimes and sentenced him to death.

Due to international opposition to Dutch attempts to reinstate control over Indonesia in the United Nations, the Dutch were forced to recognise Sukarno's Republic as the de facto government of Java and Sumatra and to grant independence to a Republic of the United States of Indonesia (RUSI) on 27 December 1949.

However, Hamid II was accused of conspiring with the former KNIL Captain Raymond Westerling to organise an anti-Republican coup in Bandung and Jakarta.

Hamid's role in the coup led to increased agitation in West Kalimantan for its integration into the Republic of Indonesia.

The soil composition along the river is formed from a precipitation process that produces a tropaquent area coupled with tropofluevent and under permanently saturated fluvawuent conditions.

At some points, the thickness of the peat soils reaches up to 1–6 meters, thus causing a poor carrying capacity if it is designated to construct large buildings to make it as a farm.

[1] The table also includes the number of administrative villages (all classed as urban kelurahan) in each district, and its post code.

The Hakka people are pioneer groups living in villages and mining areas, working as miners, farmers, and also small traders.

Other places of worship are the Cathedral of Saint Joseph, Pura Giripati Mulawarman, Vihara Budhisatva Karaniya Metta, and the Pontianak Congregation of West Kalimantan Christian Church.

The gross regional domestic product of Pontianak City, according to the ADHK 2010 business field in 2015, reached 20.80 trillion rupiah.

When compared to 2014, the production volume of goods and services produced in Pontianak City in 2015 increased by 0.96 trillion rupiah, or by 4.84 percent.

In terms of usage, the value of GDP shows how products of goods and services are used for consumption, investment, or trading purposes with foreign/regional parties.

Moderate or major industrial companies located in the District of North Pontianak have the largest labor force of around 2,952 people.

The smallest output value derived from companies located in the District Pontianak City, worth 2.85 billion Rupiahs.

The Port of Pontianak, located on the banks of the Kapuas River, is the economic pulse of the city and connects an area of 146.8 thousand km2 in West Kalimantan Province.

Main cities and towns served include Pontianak, Sintete, Sambas, Sintang, Sanggau, Kapuas, Hulu, Telok Air, Ketapang, and Singkawang.

To cater for increased economic activity in this region, Pelindo II has operated the container terminal for Pontianak's port.

Pontianak, around 1920
Boats along the quay of a canal in Pontianak, circa 1920
Sultan Syarif Muhammad Alkadrie of Pontianak and Family, circa 1920
Capped sago trunks are plumbed downstream on the river at Pontianak, circa 1948.
Tropenmuseum's Coat of Arms of Pontianak designed as the request from Sultan Hamid of Pontianak
Kadariah Palace
The Seng Hie port, oldest port in Pontianak, lies along the banks of Kapuas river.
Pontianak Town park
Pontianak City Hall
The West Kalimantan Council (DPRD) building
The Malay people in Pontianak, wearing traditional costume
The Chinese celebrate Cap Go Meh festival in Pontianak.
Gawai Dayak Festival in Pontianak
Pontianak Town center
STMIK Pontianak
Various type of foods from Pontianak
Inside of Supadio Airport terminal
A front view of S.J.S Bus, connecting Pontianak to Kuching, Sarawak