It has a land area of 93.651 km2 (36.159 sq mi) and a total population of 578 persons at the 2020 census.
Pirate Cove on the island was developed as a major codfish fishing station.
Popof Island first appeared as a separate political entity on the 1890 U.S. Census with a population of 146.
Census enumerators also counted all the ships that were docked at Pirate Cove (including schooners Trapper and Unga) and those at Sand Point (including schooners Alexandria, City of San Diego, James Hamilton, Kate and Annie, San Diego, C.N.
Sand Point became the dominant village on the island, growing from 16 residents in 1900 to 976 by 2010, but was reduced to 578 at the 2020 Census.