[1] A "score" of whites and twice that number of African Americans battled in the streets leaving two seriously injured and dozens with minor injuries.

[2] This uprising was one of several incidents of civil unrest that began in the so-called American Red Summer, of 1919.

Terrorist attacks on black communities and white oppression in over three dozen cities and counties.

In most cases, white mobs attacked African American neighborhoods.

In some cases, black community groups resisted the attacks, especially in Chicago and Washington DC.