Potebnia Institute of Linguistics is a research institute in Ukraine, which is part of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine department of literature, language, and art studies.

The institute is named after Ukrainianist Alexander Potebnja (properly Olexander Potebnia).

Due to political persecutions in the Soviet Union in the 1930s, the real work of the new institute did not start until after World War II.

In the 1930s many members of the institute were tried at staged trials of the Union for the Freedom of Ukraine.

At various times, the Institute has employed well-known linguists: