The Potiguara people live in Paraíba, in the municipalities of Marcação, Baía da Traição and Rio Tinto.

Their population numbers sixteen thousand individuals, who occupy 26 villages in 3 reservations (Terras Indígenas): Potiguara, Jacaré de São Domingos e Potiguara de Monte-Mor.

Their name, Potiguara, means "shrimp-eaters", from poty, "shrimp", and uara, "eater", according to Brazilian writer José de Alencar.

[2] António Filipe Camarão, a chief of the Potiguara in the seventeenth century was rewarded with a noble title and membership in the prestigious Order of Christ for his loyal service to the crown against the Dutch invaders in Brazil.

Indigenous peoples were recruited as allies on both sides of the conflict in which ultimately the Dutch were defeated and expelled.