He is a member of the Shinde's Shiv Sena and has been elected to the Lok Sabha for four consecutive terms since 2009, representing the Buldhana constituency in Maharashtra .

During this period, he also held the position of minister of state for Sports, Youth Welfare, and Irrigation in the Shiv Sena-BJP government of Maharashtra from 1997 to 1999.

In addition to his studies, Jadhav was involved in various extracurricular activities, including sports such as Kabaddi and cricket, which he continues to enjoy in his personal time.

His loyalty to the Shiv Sena, particularly during the party's split, and his alignment with Eknath Shinde's faction citing 'Hindutva ideology' further solidified his political standing.

Throughout his political career, Jadhav has focused on various developmental initiatives, including improving educational opportunities, especially for girls, and implementing economic welfare policies for farmers.