Preamble to the Constitution of India
The Preamble to the Constitution of the Republic of India is based on the Objectives Resolution, which was moved in the Constituent Assembly by Jawaharlal Nehru on 13 December 1946 accepted on 22 January 1947 and adopted by the Constituent Assembly on 26 November 1949, coming into force on 26 January 1950, celebrated as the Republic Day of India, and was initially drafted by Jawaharlal Nehru.
[1] The words "socialist", "secular" and "integrity" were later added during the Indian emergency by Indira Gandhi.
The Constitution of India's preamble, as amended up to July 2024, reads as follows:WE, THE PEOPLE OF INDIA, having solemnly resolved to constitute India into a SOVEREIGN SOCIALIST SECULAR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC and to secure to all its citizens: JUSTICE, social, economic and political; LIBERTY of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship; EQUALITY of status and of opportunity; and to promote among them all FRATERNITY assuring the dignity of the individual and the unity and integrity of the Nation; IN OUR CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY this twenty-sixth day of November, 1949, do HEREBY ADOPT, ENACT AND GIVE TO
As such, the page bears Sinha's short signature Ram in Devanagari lower-right corner.
In the 1995 case of Union Government vs LIC of India, the Supreme Court once again held that the Preamble is an integral part of the Constitution.
A question was raised relating to the powers of the Parliament to cede Indian territory to a foreign country, as an interpretation of Article 3.
The Supreme Court had held that the power of Parliament to diminish the area of a state as guaranteed in article 3 of the Constitution does not cover cession of the Indian territory to a foreign country.
Consequently, the 9th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1960 was enacted to transfer the Berubari Union to Bangladesh (erstwhile East Pakistan).
During the Emergency in India, the Indira Gandhi government pushed through several changes in the Forty-second Amendment of the constitution.
Before the term was added by the 42nd Amendment in 1976, the Constitution had socialist content in the form of certain Directive Principles of State Policy.
[citation needed] Secular means that the relationship between the government and religious groups are determined according to constitution and law.
Every citizen of India 18 years of age or older and not otherwise debarred by law is entitled to vote.
NOW TALKING ABOUT THE case of Mohan Lal Tripathi vs District Magistrate, the term "Democracy" was discussed and it was held that:[citation needed]"Democracy is a concept of political philosophy, an ideal which is practiced by many nations that are culturally advanced and politically mature via resorting to governance by representative of people directly or indirectly.
The main reason to incorporate democracy is to provide freedom to the people to choose their own representative and to save them from tyrant rulers.
Justice stands for rule of law, absence of arbitrariness and a system of equal rights, freedom and opportunities for all in a society.
India seeks social, economic and political justice to ensure equality to its citizens.
This establishes that there are no unreasonable restrictions on Indian citizens in term of what they think, their manner of expressions and the way they wish to follow up their thoughts in action.
The term 'equality' means the absence of special privilege to any section of society, and the provision of adequate opportunity of all the individuals without any discrimination.
