Milei, a member of La Libertad Avanza, took office after defeating then-economy minister Sergio Massa in the 2023 general election.

His administration began during deep economic turmoil as part of the ongoing Argentine monetary crisis, with inflation surpassing 100% in the months prior to his inauguration.

Villarruel, a veteran's advocate and signer of the Madrid Charter, has been accused of historical revisionism in regards to the Dirty War in the form of Argentine state terrorism denial.

[6] For the runoff, Milei was endorsed by former president Mauricio Macri and third-place candidate Patricia Bullrich, both members of the Juntos por el Cambio coalition.

[7][8] Milei remained technically tied in polls with Massa but emerged the victor on 19 November by 10 points in a rejection of the establishment Peronists.

[13] At the same time, he had phone calls with Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orbán, South Korean president Yoon Suk Yeol, and IMF director Kristalina Georgieva.

[13] Later that month, he travelled to the United States, where he visited the tomb of rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneerson and met with former US president Bill Clinton and former senator Chris Dodd.

After the remaining officials from Alberto Fernández's presidency resigned, Milei began his nominations for those responsible for the existing portfolios.

As planned in his presidential campaign, he created the ministries of Infrastructure and Human Capital and appointed Guillermo Ferraro and Sandra Pettovello to lead them.

[31] On 21 December 2023, Milei announced a large decree that become known in the media as "Megadecreto", a plan to modify a wide variety of economic regulations regarding the Argentine economy.

[48][49] On 10 December, economist and economics academic Diana Mondino was formally appointed as Minister of Foreign Affairs, International Trade and Worship.

[55][56] In these visits where he participated in private events, he took occasion to criticise the prime minister of Spain Pedro Sánchez and the president of Chile Gabriel Boric.

The renewal of the swaps, the soy trade, the joint building of the Jorge Cepernic and Néstor Kirchner dams, and the negotiations with the IMF led to cordial relations between both countries.

[57] Milei's Foreign Minister, Diana Mondino, confirmed that Argentina rejected its invitation to join the BRICS group of nations, and that the country had instead chosen to sign its membership request to OECD.

On 16 December, Milei's government announced through the Air Force, that it would donate two Russian-made Mil Mi-17 military helicopters to Ukraine.

[67][68] At the beginning of December 2024, the approval ratings rose to 66% (the second highest among other global leaders), with the disapproval standing at 22% according to Morning Consult Pro.