They also call upon members to speak, send applicants for United Nations membership to a committee of the UNSC and decide voting order.

French was originally proposed as the source of the order, based on its predecessor, the Council of the League of Nations, but English was picked by the Executive Committee of the UN Preparatory Commission, despite reservations that three permanent members could serve in order (the USSR, United States, and United Kingdom).

During the second era, the security council was less involved in affairs relating to the Cold War, adopting the slogan "Leave it to Dag [Hammarskjöld]".

The council met on 7 July upon the request of a United Nations mediator, to consider whether it should promote peace.

The UNSC had previously invited representatives of the Arab Higher Committee and the Jewish Agency of Palestine to discuss the issue.

[31] Dmitry Manuilsky, the president in July, addressed the Jewish Agency as 'the representative of the State of Israel'.

In response, the Arab Higher Committee representatives left discussions, and did not return, hindering the UNSC's ability to negotiate the matter.

Historian Istvan Pogany considers that "the President deliberately abused his office in order to further the objectives of his government.

In April, the Colombian president met with representatives of the Jewish Agency and Arab Higher Committee to discuss possible terms for peace.

[32] In August 1950, Sydney D. Bailey writes that the holder of the presidency, the Soviet Union, manipulated "the procedure of the Council for partisan purposes during debates on Korea".

Though the meeting was adjourned before a decision was reached, it became established procedure for the president to step down exactly when the month elapsed.

A similar case on 31 May 2010 resulted in Nawaf Salam of Lebanon giving the presidency to Claude Heller of Mexico.

[28] In September 1994, during the Rwandan genocide, Rwanda was supposed to hold the presidency, but had not been present at Security Council meetings from 14 July.

Both the United States and Soviet Union refused requests to cede the presidency, the US during the Cold War and USSR during the Congo Crisis.

[34][35] Taieb Slim, the Tunisian holder of the presidency in September 1980, asked Iran and Iraq to "desist from all armed activity and all acts that might worsen the dangerous situation and to settle their dispute by peaceful means.

Syria seceded from the union while it was still on the Security Council, but Egypt's official UN name remained the United Arab Republic and it was unaffected.

In August 1984, Upper Volta changed its name to Burkina Faso while president of the Security Council.

Afterward, Burkina Faso was first in English alphabetical order and it became president of the Security Council for a second time that year in October 1984.

After the term of the United States rotated out in November 1990, Yemen served as president of the Security Council for a second time that year in December 1990.

In December 1991, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics officially changed its name to the Russian Federation while president of the Security Council.