Eduard was born on 2 September 1872 in Ljubljana (now in Slovenia) as the second son of Prince Alois of Liechtenstein and Countess Anna Gräfin of Degenfeld-Schonburg.

[2] In 1897 Eduard entered the Austrian administrative service, which he served in the state of Salzburg and also as district captain of Mariánské Lázně.

[2] He held contact with Leopold Freiherr von Imhof which led to him being appointed Governor of Liechtenstein in 1914.

[4] On 26 May 1918, he left the civil service and became president of the General Pension Fund for Employees and board member of the Allgemeine Bodencreditanstalt until the end of 1918.

His official duties were overshadowed by ongoing conflicts within Liechtenstein's politics, particularly ones led by Wilhelm Beck and the country's constitutional revision.