Prince Emil of Hesse and by Rhine (German: Emil Maximilian Leopold von Hessen und bei Rhein, 3 September 1790 — 30 April 1856 was the fourth son of Louis I, Grand Duke of Hesse and his wife Princess Louise of Hesse-Darmstadt.

From 1820 to 1849, Prince Emil was a member of the Hessen Parliament.

In September 1830, a revolt broke out in Upper Hesse province of the Grand Duchy of Hesse, whose members expressed a general dissatisfaction with the state.

Part of this suppression was the Södel Bloodbath, named for the number of dead and wounded.

He was buried in Altes Mausoleum, Rosenhöhe Park, Darmstadt.