He was the eldest son of Prince Adalbert of Bavaria and his wife Countess Auguste von Seefried auf Buttenheim.
In 1941, Prince Konstantin was relieved from all combat duties as a result of the so called Prinzenerlass and a year later started studying law at Albert-Ludwigs-Universität in Freiburg im Breisgau.
After his graduation in 1944, he worked at the Higher Regional Court of Karlsruhe, but was arrested, as were most of his relatives, after the failed attempt to assassinate Adolf Hitler and remained imprisoned for the rest of World War II.
In addition, in 1958 he published a biography of Pope Pius XII entitled Der Papst and three years later a historical reference book Ohne Macht und Herrlichkeit.
He also became a member of the Christlich-Soziale Union in Bayern, one of the biggest political parties in Bavaria and was elected to the Bavarian state parliament in 1962 and in 1965 to the Bundestag.