Christine was born in Bernburg to Victor Frederick, Prince of Anhalt-Bernburg (son of Karl Frederick, Prince of Anhalt-Bernburg and Sophie Albertine of Solms-Sonnenwalde) and Albertine of Brandenburg-Schwedt (daughter of Margrave Albert Frederick of Brandenburg-Schwedt and Princess Maria Dorothea Kettler of Courland).
[1][2] On 27 April 1762 a ceremonial wedding took place between her and her first cousin Prince August of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen, the brother of the then reigning Christian Günther III, Prince of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen, after rejecting many sons from noble families.
From then on she left Bernburg and the newly wedded couple resided in Sondershausen Palace.
Christine decided that it would be better if she left Sondershausen, where she was universally loved, she still considered it beneficial for her peace of mind.
She spent the remaining years of her life residing in Coswig Castle with her widowed sister Friederike Auguste Sophie of Anhalt-Bernburg.