Dorothea Friederike of Brandenburg-Ansbach (12 August 1676[1] – 13 March 1731) was the daughter of Margrave John Frederick of Brandenburg-Ansbach (1654–1686) and his first wife, Margravine Johanna Elisabeth of Baden-Durlach (1651–1680).

She was a paternal half-sister of Queen Caroline of Great Britain, the wife of King George II.

On 20 (or 30) August 1699, Dorothea Friederike married Count Johann Reinhard III of Hanau-Lichtenberg.

The marriage produced one daughter: Charlotte Christine Magdalene Johanna (1700–1726).

Charlotte was the sole heiress of the county of Hanau and married on 5 April 1717 Crown Prince Louis VIII of Hesse-Darmstadt (1691–1768).