It takes its name from the old Kilburn Priory located in the area until the dissolution of the monasteries under Henry VIII.
[1] The street marked the boundary between two separate estates that were redeveloped from the mid-Victorian era and was jointly constructed between them.
The Anglican St Mary's Church was built between 1857 and 1862 at the junction with Abbey Road and is now Grade II listed.
[6] The southern stretch of the street features a large number of white stucco houses and is part of a Conservation area along with nearby Priory Terrace.
It was laid out in around 1850, It was originally known as St George's Road before being renamed by the London County Council in 1937. Notable residents have included the bibliophile and forger Thomas James Wise, the composer Bernard van Dieren and the artist Bernard Meninsky while actor Dirk Bogarde was born there in 1921.