[2] to Management Information Systems (MIS) are tools often used by evaluators to monitor the performance of the program.
In this case, process monitoring can take place during the pilot testing of the program in order to find ways of dealing with unexpected problems.
Therefore, in order to determine whether or not the planned outcomes have been reached, the evaluator needs to assess how the intervention was implemented.
This is of paramount importance especially in programs that are voluntary, that involve behaviour change, taking of instructions or learning of new procedures.
Depending on the nature of the program, overcoverage can be costly and problematic (e.g. social grants).
Overcoverage and undercoverage are basic concerns in program implementation and should be measured and monitored to ascertain the extent of their effect on service utilisation.
Information obtained from answers to these questions is valuable in judging the effectiveness, worth and possible modification of the program to suit the needs of the target population.
[2] The same methods of data collection mentioned under 'measuring and monitoring coverage' could be used to assess bias.