Prohibited airspace

[19] The FAA issues Temporary Flight Restrictions (TFR) in the form of a Notice to Air Missions (NOTAM) which are effective for the duration of an event, typically a few days or weeks.

TFRs are issued for VIP movement such as the president's travels outside Washington, D.C., surface-based hazards to flight such as toxic gas spills or volcanic eruptions, air-shows, military security, and special events including political ones like national party conventions.

Later, a broader TFR was issued to require pilots traveling over the East River to obtain air traffic control clearance.

Temporary restrictions over Disney theme parks were made permanent with language added to a 2003 federal spending bill.

[23] Additionally, an indirect TFR prohibits flight below 3,000 feet (910 m) above ground level and within a 3 nautical miles (5.6 km) radius of stadiums with seating capacity of 30,000 or more, in which an World Series, MLS Cup Final, Super Bowl, College Football Playoff National Championship, NASCAR grand slam races, WrestleMania, or the Olympic games in the United States are taking place, from one hour before to one hour after the event except those sports teams residing and stadiums in Canada.

[24][25] In addition to areas off limits to civil aviation, a variety of other airspace restrictions exists in the United States.