Proposed federative units of Brazil
Proposals for the creation of federative units in Brazil are currently under discussion and in different stages of processing in the National Congress.
With a view to organizing and accelerating the debate and procedures in Congress, the Parliamentary Front on the Creation of New States and Territories was installed in 2003, on the initiative of federal deputies Ronaldo Dimas (PSDB -TO) and Sebastião Madeira (PSDB- MA).
According to the proposal, this would be a mechanism to conduct the country's territorial division as a way of reducing socioeconomic inequalities and favoring the development of regions least assisted by the Public Power.
If the projects are approved in Congress, the next step is to conduct a plebiscite among the residents of each state, with the coordination of the Superior Electoral Court.
In 1853, the southern portion of the province of São Paulo was dismembered, creating Paraná, under Law nº 704, of 8 August 1853, as a reward for its loyalty to the imperial government in not joining the Farroupilha Revolution and the Liberal Revolt of 1842.
In 1853, a bill was proposed by Senator Cândido Mendes for the creation of the province of Oyapóckia, on the border of the extreme north of Brazil as the capital would be Macapá .
In 1856, deputy Antônio Gabriel de Paula Fonseca presented a bill to the General Assembly proposing the creation of the province of Minas Novas, also called Arassuaí.
In 1873, the Viscount of Serro Frio, presented to the General Assembly his Project for a New Administrative Division of the Empire of Brazil , in this proposal the creation of the province of Rio São Francisco was presented for the fifth time, in addition to other subdivisions, proposing the creation of the provinces of Januária, Santa Cruz, Entre Rios, Sapucahy and Araguaya.
If the project had been approved, the southwest and south of Minas Gerais plus part of the western, northern and northeastern territory of São Paulo would give way to the Sapucahy Province (which would also include part of the southern coast of Rio de Janeiro); part of Goiás plus the Triângulo and western Minas Gerais would constitute the province of Entre Rios; the northwest and part of the north of Minas Gerais would be the province of Januária; territories that today form Tocantins and the south of the states of Maranhão and Piauí would form the province of Araguaia; while the northeast of Minas Gerais would give way to the province of Santa Cruz together with the coast of Bahia and Espírito Santo between Ilhéus and São Mateus .
Currently, the proposal to create the state of Santa Cruz, in Bahia, has as its predecessor this project presented by the viscount of Serro Frio in 1873.
In 1880, Major Augusto Fausto de Souza prepared the map called Empire of Brazil divided into 40 Provinces, presenting it to the Brazilian Historical and Geographic Institute, of which he was a member.
In 1943, with Brazil's entry into the Second World War, the government of Getúlio Vargas decided to separate six strategic border territories from the country to administer them directly: Ponta Porã, Iguaçu, Amapá, Rio Branco, Guaporé and the archipelago of Fernando de Noronha .
Ponta Porã and Iguaçu return to their original condition after the war, while the remaining four are maintained ( Rio Branco is renamed Roraima and Guaporé is named Rondônia in honor of Marshal Rondon ).
Simultaneously, the territory of the former Federal District was transformed into the state of Guanabara, comprising only the city of Rio de Janeiro and its rural area.
In 1978, proposition PLP-194 of the Chamber of Deputies foresees the creation of the state of Santa Cruz, separated from the territories of Minas Gerais and Bahia.
The first governor of Tocantins was Siqueira Campos, elected by direct popular vote on 15 November 1988, 41 days after the promulgation of the current Constitution.
In Congress, other proposals for creating new states and territories were considered: If the bill is approved, it would be the result of the dismemberment of Pará .
If Tapajós were to come to fruition, it would be the 4th largest Brazilian state, with 27 municipalities, headquartered in Santarém; would already be born with a GDP greater than R$5 billion.
On 5 May 2011, the plenary of the Chamber of Deputies approved the project calling for a plebiscite on the division of Pará to create Carajás and Tapajós.
The State of Rio São Francisco would be formed from a part of Bahia, to the west of the homonymous river and its proposal was rejected in the Chamber's CCJ.
With open and organized support from Freemasonry and the local political elite and even from the government, the approval of the plebiscite took place in the Senate in 2007 .
[9][10] Geographer André Roberto Martin (FFLCH-USP) opposes any and all proposals for the creation of states, highlighting that those who make them are not based on concrete studies, popular will and even seem to favor certain groups.
In his doctoral thesis, he suggests that Amazonas and Roraima, Pará and Amapá, Goiás and Tocantins, Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul, Maranhão and Piauí, Bahia and Sergipe, Rio de Janeiro and Espírito Santo and — for what he calls "Pernambuco recovery" — Rio Grande do Norte, Paraíba, Pernambuco and Alagoas, while Acre and Rondônia — in addition to a portion of Amazonas — would become federal territories.
Regrouping the units into a single body would certainly boost their projection within the national framework and would even reduce government spending — given that there would now only be one Executive and one Legislative branch —.
