The province is surrounded by Belluno in the north, Vicenza in the west, Padua in southwest, Venice in the south-east and Friuli-Venezia Giulia in the east.

The province of Treviso was established by the Celts but later was flourished under the Romans, in which they had their own district when it became a Municipium, before it was subjugated to Hun, Ostrogoth, and Lombard control.

[2] Over time, political power was replaced by ecclesiastical authority, and Treviso was divided into two dioceses around 1000 AD.

This situation was interrupted by the interlude of 1848 when the Republic of San Marco was established: during that brief period, a provisional central government was formed, along with a committee for each district.

Along the border with the province of Belluno, there are mountainous areas with peaks reaching over a thousand meters.