[2] The psalm is used as a regular part of Jewish, Catholic, Lutheran, Anglican and other Protestant liturgies; it has been set to music, for example, in the final motet of the Missa Voce Mea composed by Cristóbal de Medrano in 1594.

Verses 6-7 ("When their judges are overthrown in stony places...." in the KJV, or "thrown down from the cliffs" in the New International Version) are likely corrupt, and scholars call their translation a best guess.

As part of the liturgy, it also has numerous musical adaptations, including Russian compositions (Да исправится молитва моя) by Dmitry Bortniansky, Mikhail Glinka, Aleksandr Grechaninov and Pavel Chesnokov.

The Latin text (Dirigatur oratio mea) is adapted in a gradual by Johann Michael Haydn (MH 520) and in a motet by Orlande de Lassus.

Heinrich Schütz composed a metred paraphrase of Psalm 141 in German, "Herr, mein Gott, wenn ich ruf zu dir", SWV 246, for the Becker Psalter, published first in 1628.