The psalm is used as a regular part of Jewish, Catholic, Lutheran, Anglican and other Protestant liturgies; it has been set to music.

Psalm 142 is said or sung at Evensong on the 29th of the month following the rubrics of the Book of Common Prayer.

Heinrich Schütz composed a metred paraphrase of Psalm 142 in German, "Ich schrei zu meinem lieben Gott", SWV 247, for the Becker Psalter, published first in 1628.

Artemy Vedel composed a choral concerto based on the Psalm 142, Glasom moim.

[10] Polyphonic settings of the psalm have been composed by Andreas Hakenberger, Gracián Babán, and Jules Van Nuffel, among others.