The psalm forms a regular part of Jewish, Catholic, Lutheran, Anglican and other Protestant liturgies.

It has often been set to music, including works in Latin by Marc-Antoine Charpentier, Michel-Richard Delalande and Henry Purcell.

[22] In the Church of England's Book of Common Prayer, Psalm 3 is appointed to be read on the morning of the first day of the month.

Heinrich Schütz wrote a setting of a paraphrase in German, "Ach wie groß ist der Feinde Rott", SWV 099, for the Becker Psalter, published first in 1628.

Marc-Antoine Charpentier composed around 1676 one "Domine quid multiplicati sunt", for 3 voices, 2 treble instruments and continuo, H.172.

Michel-Richard Delalande composed his grand motet Domine quid sunt Multiplicati (S.37) for the offices of the Chapel of Versailles, and Henry Purcell set a variant version of the Latin text, "Jehova, quam multi sunt hostes mei," for five voices and continuo.

There are also Byron Cage's "Thou Art A Shield For Me",[24] and "Christian Karaoke Praise Song Psalm 3 worship" by Andrew Bain.