[3] Recent advances in molecular biology allowed for the identification of hundreds of common and rare genetic variations that contribute to psychiatric disorders.
These methods of study later improved due to the development of more advanced clinical, epidemiological, and biometrical research tools.
[1] In psychiatry, endophenotypes are a way of objectively measuring certain internal processes in a reliable way that is often lacking the diseases with which they are associated.
Linkage, association, and microarray studies generate raw material for findings in psychiatric genetics.
[11] Genetic Linkage studies attempt to find a correlation between the diagnosis and inheritance of certain alleles within families who have two or more ill relatives.
[6] Francis Galton studied both desirable and undesirable behavioral and mental properties to better examine the world of genetics.
The ELSI (Ethical, Legal, and Social Initiative), which is part of the Human Genome Project, was created with the aim of "foster[ing] basic and applied research on the ethical, legal and social implications of genetic and genomic research for individuals, families and communities.".