Indian healthcare system has been historically dominated by provisioning of medical care and neglected public health.
The period saw research institutes, public health legislation, and sanitation departments, although only 3% of Indian households had toilets at this time.
In 2002, the updated NHP focused on improving the practicality and reach of the system as well as incorporating private and public clinics into the health sphere.
[1] In the context of universal health coverage, the recent policy focus in India, there is an attempt to ensure that every citizen should have adequate access to curative care without any financial hardships.
Mandates require health staff to be at least two workers (male and female) to serve a population of 5000 people (or 3000 in a remote or hilly areas).
Thus, CHC's are also first referral units, or FRUs, which are required to have obstetric care, new born/childcare, and blood storage capacities at all hours everyday of the week.
They are referred to as Sub-district (sub-divisional) hospital for the purpose of standardisation under the revised guidelines of Indian Public Health Standards (IPHS).
It reduces the workload at the district hospital and cuts travel time for patients in need of emergency care.
[citation needed] District Hospitals are the final referral centres for the primary and secondary levels of the public health system.
It includes two interrelated components: Health and Wellness Centres (HWCs) and Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (PM-JAY).
The goal of this organisation is to incorporate more public health policies and diverse professionals into web the healthcare sphere.
It also collaborates with international public health organisations to gather more knowledge and direct discussions around needs and improvements to the current system.
The research discovered would be made transparent to the Indian public at large, so that the entire nation is aware of health standards in the country.
Sometimes referred to as sakhis, these women capitalize on their familiarity with the community to gain credibility and promote public health measures, usually by leading participatory groups.
[20] Though demonstrated to be effective, community health worker programs can be hampered by a lack of monitoring and accountability as a result of governmental decentralization.
[17] Drawbacks to India's healthcare system today include low quality care, corruption, unhappiness with the system, a lack of accountability, unethical care, overcrowding of clinics, poor cooperation between public and private spheres, barriers of access to services and medicines, lack of public health knowledge, and low cost factor.
[8][26] These drawbacks push wealthier Indians to use the private healthcare system, which is less accessible to low-income families, creating unequal medical treatment between classes.doctors are reluctant to practice in rural areas.
[citation needed] Low quality care is prevalent due to misdiagnosis, under trained health professionals, and the prescription of incorrect medicines.
The 12th Five-Year Plan (India) dictates a need to improve enforcement and institutionalize treatment methods across all clinics in the nation in order to increase the quality of care.
[26] India's public healthcare system pays salaries during absences, leading to excessive personal days being paid for by the government.
[26] Governmental failure to initiate and foster effective partnerships between the public and private healthcare spheres results in financial contracts that aren't negotiated to help the common man.
Public clinics often have a shortage of the appropriate medicines or may supply them at excessively high prices, resulting in large out of pocket costs (even for those with insurance coverage).
[citation needed] Many government hospitals do not follow the fire safety norms set in the National Building Code of India owing to cost saving measures and the preference for the lowest bidder in construction projects.