Pulmonoscorpius retains several general arthropod features which are absent in modern scorpions, such as large lateral eyes and a lack of adaptations for a burrowing lifestyle.

[1][2] Fossils of Pulmonoscorpius kirktonensis have been found at the East Kirkton Quarry, West Lothian in Scotland.

[1] The diet of Pulmonoscorpius is not known directly, but it is probable that it preyed on smaller arthropods, and small tetrapods (new arrivals).

[1] In Pulmonoscorpius kirktonensis, the vesicle (venom-bearing portion of the telson) has a pair of strong carinae on its underside.

One unique juvenile specimen is observed to lack these carinae, and may belong to a separate species (Pulmonoscorpius sp.

The sternum (ventral plate between the bases of legs 3 and 4) is characteristically elongated, with a Y-shaped sulcus at the rear.

[1] The underside of the mesosoma possesses a bilobed and laterally elongated genital operculum (a covering of the gonopore), followed by pectines (comb-like sensory appendages) with 150-160 narrow teeth,[1] and finally ventral plates (3 in juveniles and 4 in adults).

One characteristic trait of Pulmonoscorpius is the presence of a long spur on each of the apophyses (an extension of the coxa).

[1] Aside from the type species, two other specimens were noted to possibly be distinct: one having juvenile pedipalp fingers with 30% more setal follicles than P. kirktonensis, and one lacking tuberculateventral carinae on the vesicle of its telson.