Pure Earth (originally Blacksmith Institute) is a New York City-based international nonprofit founded in 1999 that works to identify and address pollution-related issues in low- and middle-income countries.

The program has trained over 500 pollution investigators and 90 government representatives worldwide, who have identified and mapped over 5000 toxic hotspots in communities around the world.

The data they collect has built an "unprecedented public database of toxic sites" that helps local communities and governments plan clean up to protect residents.

In 2015, Pure Earth advocated for broadening the scope of toxic pollution addressed in the United Nation's Sustainable Development Goals.

[9] The Lancet Commission on Pollution and Health is an initiative of The Lancet, the Global Alliance on Health and Pollution (for which Pure Earth serves as Secretariat), and the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, with additional coordination and input from United Nations Environment, United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), and the World Bank.

In July 2012, Pure Earth convened a third meeting of world leaders[11] and experts on pollution at the Rockefeller Foundation's Bellagio Center in Italy.

In 2021, Pure Earth launched a project to analyze the lead (Pb) content in thousands of products and food samples in markets across 25 low- and middle-income countries.

[29] Blacksmith will slowly transition to a new name – Pure Earth – with the aim of broadening awareness of global toxic pollution issues to the general public.

The series of reports succeeded in raising global awareness about the extent and impacts of toxic pollution in low- and middle-income countries.