[3] Ruing's election was the subject of an unsuccessful challenge in the Court of Disputed Returns by defeated candidate and former MP Melchior Pep.
[4] He was appointed Vice-Minister for Treasury and Finance in the Morauta government in September 1999, and was promoted to Minister of Justice in December 2000.
[7] Ruing had Pep briefly declared bankrupt in 2004 over his failure to pay court costs awarded over the unsuccessful 1997 challenge to his election.
[9] His election was the subject of a challenge in the Court of Disputed Returns from second-place candidate Roy Pena.
[11] In June 2009, his son, Emmanuel Ruing, was murdered in Port Moresby amidst clashes related to the Australian rugby league match, State of Origin.