The booms of raw materials incentivized the exploration and occupation of uncolonised land in the Amazon by several South American countries, gradually leading to the subjugation of the local tribes in the pursuit of rubber extraction.

The main figures of the Peruvian Amazon Company, including Armando Normand, Elías Martinengui, Andrés O'Donnell, and the Rodríguez brothers, committed mass starvation, torture, and killings.

At least 6,719 indigenous people were forced by administrators of Arana's enterprise to emigrate from their traditional territory in the Putumayo River basin between 1924 and 1930, half of this group perished from disease and other factors after the migrations.

"[22][c] Around this time, a group of Colombians led by Rafael Tobar, Aquiléo Torres, and Cecilio Plata initiated a campaign of conquest against natives in the areas that later became known as Entre Rios, Atenas, and La Sabana.

[37][f][g] According to Roger Casement in 1913: The foundations thus laid by Crisostomo Hernandez and Larrañaga in 1886 grew, not without bloodshed and many killings of the Indians, into a widespread series of Colombian settlements along the banks of the Caraparaná and Igaraparana, and even in the country stretching between the latter river and the Japura [or Caquetá] and on the upper waters of the Cahuinari.

[28][59][h] While the source of this information, judge Romulo Paredes,[64][65] did not provide a date for this intervention at La Chorrera, Rafael Tobar, Cecilio Plata and Aquileo Torres were imprisoned on steamship Putumayo in July 1901 prior to being sent to prison at Iquitos.

Two sources of information for this subject, Joaquin Rocha and Andrés O'Donnell claimed that Gutierrez, along with his companions, were lulled into a false sense of security by the indigenous people they encountered.

[82][83] This massacre occurred during the delivery of rubber to La Chorrera from its distant subsections and eyewitness sources vary on the number of victims, the claims in these accounts range from 25 to 40 indigenous people being killed during this time.

[102] The station became a "centre of a series of raids organised by the Colombian head of it," and in Roger Casement's words the Barbadians were sent to accompany Sanchez "on a mission of vengeance and rubber-gathering into the Andokes country.

[119] At the hands of Arana's company, natives suffered enslavement, kidnapping, separation of families, rape, starvation, use for target practice, flagellation, immolation, dismemberment, and other extreme violence.

Shortly after, private hosts of Arana – brought from Barbados –[129] which consisted of forcing natives to work for him in exchange for "favors and protection"; the offer could not be refused because disagreements led to their kidnapping by mercenaries paid by the company.

[136] Tully also wrote that "[t]he strict legal definition of genocide applies to cases where there is a deliberate attempt to exterminate people, but the standard text on the subject regards the Putumayo killings as just that.

Judge Romulo Paredes, wrote they "place at the disposal of those chiefs their special instincts, such as sense of direction, scent, their sobriety, and their knowledge of the mountains, in order that nobody might escape their fury".

[157][r] Roger Casement described the system as "Boras Indians murdering Huitotos and vice versa for the pleasure, or supposed profit, of their masters, who in the end turn on these (from a variety of motives) and kill them".

The testimonies of 30 Barbadian men were transcribed and then examined by Roger Casement in 1910, these depositions became the primary source of evidence for the Foreign Office regarding the atrocities and abuse perpetrated against the Putumayo's indigenous population.

[187] Rey de Castro's editing process intended to portray this new company as a "civilizing force" and led to the removal of several paragraphs Robuchon wrote from the final publication.

[161][aj] In 1911, judge Paredes wrote that Atenas was "peopled by Huitoto spectres" and that there was "a veritable cemetery of skeletons and human skulls scattered along both banks of the Cahuinari, which flows through this district.

[258][259][al] One of the first documented correrías organized by the Rodriguez brothers occurred prior to March 1 of 1903, the expedition targeted a Resígaro maloca, this settlement was ambushed and the survivors were imprisoned.

He saw people in various stages of sickness and starvation; according to Hardenburg: "These poor wretches, without remedies, without food, were exposed to the burning rays of the vertical sun and the cold rains and heavy dews of early morning until death released them from their sufferings".

Around eighty-five soldiers from the Peruvian army participated in this attack, they were embarked on gunboat Iquitos and joined by steamship Liberal, which had around eighty armed agents from Arana's company on board.

[289][292][as] One of the last Colombian patrons victimized by the Peruvian Amazon Company at the beginning of 1908 was Ildefonso Gonzalez, owner of a small estate named "El Dorado" which had around thirty indigenous families there extracting rubber.

[301][290] The commander of Peruvian military forces in the Putumayo, Juan Pollack, issued arrest warrants against the agents of Arana's company that participated in the attacks on La Union and Reserva.

Cazes paid the £800 fee to the court of Iquitos and afterwards commisario Burga imprisoned the Huitoto people that had fled towards El Pensamiento, he then transferred them back towards Arana's estates in the Putumayo.

[312] Walter Ernest Hardenburg wrote that during his imprisonment on Liberal, he saw the Peruvian comissario of the Putumayo River, César Lúrquin "openly taking with him to Iquitos a little Huitoto girl of some seven years, presumably to sell her as a 'servant'".

[329] On November 28 of 1911, the captain of S.S. Liberal allowed around twenty-seven ex-agents of the PAC, many of which had active arrest warrants, to embark on the ship, these men later disembarked in Brazilian territory, away from the influence of Peruvian authorities.

[333] A dispatch from English Consul-General Lucien Jerome to the British Foreign Office in 1911 stated the trafficking of natives was carried out with the intention to sell them and to prevent them from providing evidence and testifying to any judicial commission.

[336][337] Alfredo Montt and Jose Inocente Fonseca, referred to as two of the "worst Criminals on the Putumayo" by Roger Casement, had managed to flee towards the Javary River with at least 10 Boras people.

The article also claimed that Abelardo Agüero, Augusto Jiménez and Carlos Miranda, the latter was another station manager at La Chorrera, were also located along the Brazil and Bolivia border, where they continued to exploit local indigenous people in the pursuit of rubber extraction.

S.S. Liberal later took members from the Aguaje nation at Providencia and transported them towards Remanso, years later, these indigenous people were forced by the Loayza brothers to relocate again, this time towards the mouth of the Algodon River.

[367] Jean Patrick Razon, who published a short history on the Bora people, also noted that these forced migrations took place over the course of seven years, 1924-1930 and "more than half of this displaced group perished before reaching their final destination."