He was the younger brother of Xulihu, who died, after just a one-year reign, during a campaign against a newly built Western Han fort Shuofang in Ordos.

The difficult economic situation in the Han dynasty, created by long struggles with northern, western and southern neighbours, prompted Emperor Wu to try to settle relations with the Xiongnu through peaceful negotiations.

A furious Chanyu executed the conspirators, and urged the members of the embassy to admit their guilt and switch to the side of the Xiongnu.

When Su Wu refused to betray his country, he was sent to Lake Baikal, where he spend 19 years before he could return to the Han dynasty.

Initially successful, Li Guangli defeated the Wise King (Tuqi) of the Right and killed some 10,000 Xiongnu, but was surrounded on the way back and had to defend himself.

The Xiongnu made repeated charges on his position, but failed to overcome Li Ling's crossbow and shield/spear formation, suffering heavy casualties.