Quad antenna

Rigorous testing of the loop Yagi–Uda (quad) antenna show the following advantages over a dipole-based Yagi–Uda antenna made from dipoles:[10] In 2008, Daniel Mills, N8PPQ, designed an antenna that may be an improvement over the quad design.

His E-Z-O antenna uses flexible dielectric tubes rather than rigid poles to support the electrical elements.

He claims slightly higher gain over the quad due to its roughly circular form.

[citation needed] The claimed magnitude of the dielectric effect on the outside band elements was a surprise, and optimum element lengths were determined by experiment.

No reference literature was found: Jefferies & Koulouris (2003) state "As far as we are aware, there has been no reported work on encasing loop antennas in dielectric.

A two-element quad antenna used by an amateur radio station
A 4-element amateur radio quad antenna. The two men working on it show the scale. The wire loops are almost invisible, suspended on the ends of the crossed supports.
3 element prototype E-Z-O antenna .