Human presences in the territory of Quartucciu is attested since prehistoric times.

Some decades before the fall of the Western Roman Empire, Quartucciu, like the rest of the island, was conquered by the Vandals.

In the Middle Ages it belonged to the giudicato of Cagliari, then to Pisa and, soon afterwards, to the Aragonese.

Quartucciu's territory is home to one of the largest Giant's tomb in Sardinia, Sa Dom'è S'Orcu, dating to the 15th-12th century BC.

Also present is a Phoenician-Roman necropolis, in the archaeological park of Pill'è Matta, including more than 200 tombs.