In recent years, Peru has revised the official spelling for place-names originating from Aymara and the Quechuan languages.
Older Spanish transcriptions (as well as the 1975 standard) used the letters ⟨o⟩ and ⟨e⟩ as well; this is because the pronunciation of /u/ and /i/ opens to [o] and [e] adjacent to a /q/,[2] an instance of allophonic variation.
This accompanies a growth of pride in the Andean heritage of these countries, and moves to recover the prestige of their indigenous languages.
These spelling changes are part of the official alphabets for Quechua and Aymara in Peru, Bolivia and Ecuador, though debate continues on the extent to which they are to be used when writing in Spanish.
According to Article 20 of Decreto Supremo No 004-2016-MC (Supreme Decree) which approves the Regulations to Law 29735, published in the official newspaper El Peruano on July 22, 2016, adequate spellings of the toponyms in the normalized alphabets of the indigenous languages must progressively be proposed with the aim of standardizing the namings used by the National Geographic Institute (Instituto Geográfico Nacional, IGN).