Founding director Professor Perry Bartlett AO FAA[1][2] established the QBI in 2003[3][4] with assistance from The University of Queensland, Queensland State Government, and Chuck Feeney, founder of The Atlantic Philanthropies.

[5][6] The purpose-built facility was commissioned in 2004[3] and on 19 November 2007, the building was opened by former Queensland Premier Anna Bligh.

As one of Australia's leading neuroscience research centres, the Queensland Brain Institute encourages interest in the wonders of the brain and support for neuroscience's vital role in helping people to live healthier, happier and more productive lives.

Through fundamental research, QBI researchers strive to improve the world's understanding of the brain in health and disease and to find solutions for brain disorders, diseases and injuries, including MND, dementia, depression, stroke and mental health.

Planning for the Institute effectively began in 2002 with the resolution that it would investigate the biological bases of higher brain function and its application to enhance the community's neurological and mental health.