[2] Their main purpose is twofold: to compensate for past discrimination against the target race, and to increase equality of opportunity.
[3] In the United States, race-conscious policies like desegregation busing have long been used to counteract school segregation.
[4] France, unlike many other Western European countries (including Britain), has avoided adopting race-conscious policies.
[7] Among white liberals, racial resentment predicts support for race-conscious programs only for black students.
In contrast, among white conservatives, racial resentment is closely related to opposition to such programs regardless of the recipient's race.