[2] In Philadelphia, the black migration created very high tensions in the area surrounding Twenty-fifth and Pine streets.

The mob then broke open the door at 2535 Pine street and tried to eject George Grahm and his black family who had moved there a week earlier.

[3] The New York Times wrote an article that described two riots during the Red Summer, one on July 7 and 31.

[5] This uprising was one of several incidents of civil unrest that took place during the so-called Red Summer of 1919.

The Summer consisted of terrorist attacks on black communities, and white oppression, in over three dozen cities and counties.