Other groups such as South American immigrants (Bolivian, Peruvian, and Colombian), black people, afro descendants, and Muslims are also included.
[2] This attitude was maintained in the Pinochet-led dictatorship, which remained in power until 1990, an example of that is that the Chilean admiral José Toribio Merino described the Bolivians as "metamorphic representatives of the camel".
According to the Anti-Defamation League, cases of desecration of Jewish cemeteries and insults, or the call for retaliation against Jews, graffiti in synagogues are widespread in Chile.
European settlers, Argentinians, and Chileans – with both economic and racist[citation needed] motivations – exterminated the Selk’nam (Ona) people, an indigenous group that inhabited Isla Grande of the Tierra del Fuego region at the southern extreme of the country.
Politician and diplomat Galvarino Gallardo (1877-1957) agreed with Palacios, rejecting pre-Columbian origins from the Chilean race, praising the kinship of Germanic people.
According to historian Rafael Luis Gumucio, the works of Encina and Eyzaguirre exhibit in the international relations between Peru, Bolivia, and Argentina a nationalist attitude that diminishes the image of these neighboring peoples.
[26] Additionally, since the beginning of the 1990s, after the return of democracy, there have been reports of active right-wing extremists and neo-Nazi groups with racist, anti-semitic, and homophobic attitudes.
[27] With the explosive development of the Internet and social media since the beginning of the 21st century, people have created various Chilean websites where they have proliferated racist and Nazi discourses, death threats, and hate speech.