In the United States, radiation oncologists undergo four years of residency (in addition to an internship), which is more dedicated to oncology training than any other medical specialty.
The written tests include separate exams in radiation physics, and radiobiology, clinical oncology, which is followed by an eight-part oral examination given in the late spring one year into practice.
[citation needed] Radiotherapy training in India encompasses the treatment of solid tumors in terms of Chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and palliative care in most states.
Postgraduate MD degree is awarded after 3 years of post-MBBS in-service comprehensive training and a final university level exam.
The first Radiotherapy department of Asia was set up in 1910 at Calcutta Medical College in the state of West Bengal and is still a leading oncology training center of India.
During the next four years, residents complete intensive training in clinical oncology, in radiophysics and radiobiology, and in the treatment planning and delivery of radiotherapy.
Radiation oncologists in Canada commonly treat two or three different anatomic sites, such as head and neck, breast, genitourinary, hematologic, gynecologic, central nervous system, or lung cancer.
After completion of their basic medical degree, all oncologists must train fully in general internal medicine and pass the MRCP exam, normally 3–4 years after qualification.
Most fellows follow the policies emerged from leading national society SEOR (Sociedad Española de Oncología Radioterápica).
Subsequently, the site targeted for treatment is marked and an immobilizer is created which helps to limit exposure another body area to the radiation.